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National Conservatory of Music of America
The National Conservatory of Music of America was an institution for higher education in music founded in 1885 in New York City by Jeannette Meyers Thurber. The conservatory was officially declared defunct by the state of New York in 1952, although for all practical pedagogical purposes, it had ceased to function much earlier than that; however, between its founding and about 1920 the conservatory played an important part in the education and training of musicians in the United States. A number of prominent names are associated with the institution, including that of Victor Herbert and Antonín Dvořák, director of the conservatory from Sep. 27, 1892 to 1895.〔 34pp. Dvorak was compensated $15,000/year.〕 (It was at the conservatory that Dvořák composed his famous E minor Symphony and subtitled it, at Thurber’s suggestion, ''From the New World''.)
==Active years==
The idea of federally funded national conservatory in the United States had been a dream of Thurber's, who had studied at the Paris Conservatory in her teens. In the early 1880s she convinced a number of philanthropists, including Andrew Carnegie. to sponsor the founding of such an institution. The idea was to model the institution after that of Paris in order to create a “national musical spirit.” 〔 The conservatory (originally the "American School of Opera")〔Rubin 1997, p.142〕 was incorporated in the state of New York on September 21, 1885.〔Finck 1916, p.14〕 The first director was Belgian baritone, Jacques Bouhy. Among the faculty was also Emma Fursh-Madi, one of the great sopranos of the day. There were 84 students when the conservatory started operations, operating out of two converted homes near Union Square at 126-128 East 17th St. in New York City.〔Finck 1916, p.5〕〔Rubin (above) indicates that the school was called the National School of Opera when it opened in the fall of 1885. In early 1886, the name was officially changed to the National Conservatory of Music in America. At the same time, a number of newspaper sources from 1886 and 1887 show the birth, short life and demise of another of Jeanette Thurber's projects, the American Opera Company, which was founded in February 1886 in New York, changed its name to the National Opera Company in December, 1886, and finally went into bankruptcy and receivership in February, 1887.〕
It is not clear from sources exactly how much it cost to attend the conservatory or how scholarships were awarded. Some sources claim that no tuition was charged at all. Henry Finck, an NCMA music history lecturer for decades, wrote "It was not organized as a money-making institution, but as a musical high school ... for a merely nominal sum, or, if talented, without any charge for tuition.... (was intended for those seeking a profession but ) also for amateurs, for whom there are special courses."〔Finck 1916, p.4-9〕 Its mission included "seeking out and encouraging female, minority and physically disabled students".〔Rubin 1997, p. 148〕 In any event, the cost of operations was originally met by Mrs. Thurber and others. After three years of existence, the conservatory petitioned the US congress for $200,000 to support the institution, saying that “…hundreds of candidates have had to be rejected from lack of room to accommodate them and of funds to increase the staff of Professors which would be required by their admittance….” 〔”A Music Subsidy Asked” in ''The New York Times'', Feb. 21, 1888.〕 The petition failed. Thurber changed strategy and then proposed moving the conservatory to the nation’s capital, Washington D.C.. A bill to that effect was passed in congress and signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison in March, 1891.
A site for the new “national conservatory” in the District of Columbia was never selected, much less built. The school continued to function in New York City, existing solely from philanthropy. The school awarded substantial prizes to four composers after their works were judged at a March 30, 1893 concert at Madison Square Garden.〔Finck 1916, pp. 17-19〕 In that year Dvořák and Thurber insisted that the Conservatory be "thrown open free of charge" to black students. "In the negro melodies of America I discover all that is needed for a great and noble school of music," Dvořák wrote.
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